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The term General is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer; and as a specific rank. Since the late twentieth century, the rank of General is usually the highest active rank of a military not at war.
Variations of one form, the old European system, were once used throughout Europe. It is used in the United Kingdom (although it did not originate there), from which it eventually spread to the Commonwealth and the United States of America. The General Officer ranks are named by prefixing General, as an adjective, with field officer ranks, although in some countries the highest general officers are titled Field Marshal or Marshal.
The other is derived from the French Revolution, where generals' ranks are named according to the unit they (theoretically) command.
Old European system {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;" |align="center"| Field Marshal or General Field Marshal |- |align="center"| ''Colonel General'' |- |align="center"| General or Captain General |- |align="center"| Lieutenant General |- |align="center"| Sergeant Major General or Major General |- |align="center"| ''Brigadier (General)'' |}
The system used either a ''brigadier general'' rank, or a ''colonel general'' rank (i.e. exclude one of the italicised ranks.)
The rank of field marshal was used by some countries as the highest rank, while in other countries it was used as a divisional or brigade rank. Many countries (notably pre-revolutionary France and eventually much of Latin America) actually used two brigade command ranks, which is why some countries now use two stars as their brigade general insignia. (Mexico and Argentina still use two brigade command ranks.)
In some nations (particularly in the Commonwealth), the equivalent to Brigadier General is Brigadier, which is not always considered by these armies to be a general officer rank, although it is always treated as equivalent to the rank of Brigadier General for comparative purposes. Unlike other general officers, the brigadier general rank is not derived from a ''field'' rank of brigadier.
The rank of ''major general'' is a shorter form of ''sergeant major general'', and is lower than lieutenant general as a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major, although outranked by a major.
French (Revolutionary) system {| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;" |align="center"| Marshal |- |align="center"| Army General |- |align="center"| Corps General |- |align="center"| Divisional General |- |align="center"| Brigade General |} More information about this system can be found on the page: Général.
In addition to militarily educated generals, there are also generals in medicine and engineering. The rank of most senior chaplain, Chaplain General, is also considered to be a general officer rank.
In some armies, however, the rank of Captain General, General of the Army, Army General or Colonel General occupied or occupies this position. Depending on circumstances and the army in question, these ranks may be considered to be equivalent to a full General or to a Field Marshal.
The rank of General came about as a "Captain-General", the captain of an army in general (i.e., the whole army). The rank of Captain-General began appearing around the time of the organization of professional armies in the 17th century. In most countries "Captain-General" contracted to just "General".
In most navies, Flag Officers are the equivalent of General Officers, and the naval rank of Admiral is equivalent to the specific army rank of General. A noteworthy historical exception was the Cromwellian naval rank ''General at sea''. In recent years in the American service there is a tendency to use ''Flag Officer'' and ''Flag Rank'' to refer to generals and admirals of the services collectively.
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Tom Devine was educated at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, from 1964 to 1968, and graduated with first class honours in Economic and Social History, followed by a PhD and D.Litt. He rose through the academic ranks from assistant lecturer to Reader, Professor, Head of Department, and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. He was Deputy Principal of the University from 1993 until 1997. In 1998 he accepted the Directorship of the world's first Centre of advanced research in Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen (the Research Institute of Irish and Scottish Studies), which was formally inaugurated by President Mary McAleese of Ireland on St Andrew's Day 1999. Over the following five years, over £2.5m were raised for the Centre's research programmes from AHRC - which led to the establishment of the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies, funded competitively over 2 phases, - the Leverhulme Trust and the British Academy, and a further £1.6m endowment gifted from the Glucksman family in the USA for a Research Chair in Irish and Scottish Studies, which Devine held as founding Professor until 2005.
In April 2005, he was appointed to the Sir William Fraser Chair of Scottish History and Palaeography at the University of Edinburgh, widely acknowledged as the world’s premier Chair of Scottish History, which he took up in January 2006. In 2008 he became Director of the Scottish Centre for Diaspora Studies at Edinburgh, established by an external endownment of £1 million pounds by a leading Scottish fund manager and his family. This is reckoned to be the single largest private donation ever made to a UK university for the development of historical studies.
He is the author or editor of some thirty books and numerous articles on topics such as emigration, famine, identity, Scottish transatlantic commercial links, urban history, the economic history of Scotland, Empire, the Scottish Highlands, the Irish in Scotland, sectarianism, stability and protest in the 18th century nation,Scottish elites, the Anglo-Scottish Union, rural social history and comparative Irish and Scottish relationships. ''The Scottish Nation'' (1999) became an international bestseller, selling nearly 100,000 copies to date in the UK alone. (and for a brief period even outselling the adventures of Harry Potter in Scotland!) Devine has won all three major prizes for Scottish historical research (Hume Brown, Saltire and Henry Duncan Prize and Lectureship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh), is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, an Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy and a Fellow of the British Academy: the only historian elected to all three national academies in the British Isles. Professor Devine holds the honorary degrees of D.Litt. from Queen's University Belfast and the University of Abertay Dundee and the hon. degree of D.Univ from Strathclyde. He was awarded the first John Aikenhead Medal for services to Scottish education by the Institute of Contemporary Scotland in 2006, and in the same year Bell College (now part of the University of the West of Scotland) conferred on him an Honorary Fellowship in recognition of his contributions to Scottish culture. In 2000 he was awarded the Royal Gold Medal, Scotland's supreme academic accolade, by Queen Elizabeth II, the only historian winner to date, and in 2005 was appointed OBE in the New Years Honours List for 'services to Scottish history'. One of his recent books, ''Scotland's Empire 1600-1815 (2003)'' formed the basis of a six-part BBC2 series in 2005.
Tom Devine was a member of the Research Awards Advisory Committee of the Leverhulme Trust from 2003 to 2009 (adviser on all history fellowship applications) and holds Adjunct Professorships at the East Carolina University and the University of Guelph, Canada.He was Acting Head of the School of History, Classics and Archaeology from 2008 to 2009 in the University of Edinburgh. Devine has also been a Trustee of the National Museums of Scotland and a Member of Council of the British Academy.
''Clanship to Crofters' War'' (Manchester University Press, 1994)
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| Coordinates | 46°52′21″N23°14′30″N |
|---|---|
| name | Erik Qualman |
| birth place | Detroit, MI |
| occupation | Author, Social Marketing |
| url | }} |
He is currently the Global Vice President of Digital Marketing for EF Education headquartered in Lucerne, Switzerland and a Professor of Digital Marketing for Hult International Business School's Masters program. Prior to joining EF Education and Hult, Qualman worked in online marketing and eBusiness functions at Cadillac & Pontiac (1994–97), AT&T (1998–2000), Yahoo (2000–03), EarthLink (2003–05) and Travelzoo (Head of Marketing 2005-08).
Qualman was a featured speaker at BookExpo America 2009, presenting to those in attendance on how social media is transforming the way people live and do business. Qualman also was the keynote speaker at Europe's Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Council Meeting in Lisbon, alongside the Prime Minister of Portugal Jose Socrates. The 2009 FTTH keynote speaker was Don Tapscott.
Qualman has been highlighted in Mashable, BusinessWeek, The New York Times, Forbes, and The Huffington Post He has also been interviewed on radio and television discussing his view on digital trends.
Category:Living people Category:1972 births Category:American writers Category:Michigan State University alumni Category:McCombs School of Business alumni
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 46°52′21″N23°14′30″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Sir David Frost |
| Birth name | David Paradine Frost |
| Birth date | April 07, 1939 |
| Birth place | Tenterden, Kent, England |
| Known for | ''That Was The Week That Was'', ''Breakfast with Frost'', ''Frost On Sunday'' (TV-am) |
| Occupation | Television presenter, journalist, comedian, writer |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Nationality | British |
| Religion | Methodist |
| Spouse | Lynne Frederick (1981–82) Lady Carina Fitzalan-Howard (1983–present) }} |
Sir David Paradine Frost, OBE (born 7 April 1939) is a British journalist, comedian, writer and media personality, best known for his serious interviews with various political figures, the most notable being Richard Nixon. Since 2006, he has been hosting the weekly programme ''Frost Over the World'' on Al Jazeera English.
At Cambridge, he edited a student newspaper, ''Varsity,'' and a literary magazine, ''Granta.'' He was also secretary of the famous Footlights Drama Society, which included actors such as Peter Cook and John Bird.
After leaving university, he became a trainee at Associated-Rediffusion and worked for Anglia Television.
After a pilot episode on 10 November 1963, a 30-minute American version of ''TW3'' featuring Frost ran on NBC from 10 January 1964 to May 1965. In 1985, David Frost produced and hosted a television special in the same format, ''That Was the Year That Was,'' on NBC.
In 1963 a tribute to the recently assassinated President John F. Kennedy on ''That Was the Week That Was'' had seen Frost's fame spread to the United States. His 1970 TV special ''Frost on America'' featured guests such as Jack Benny and Tennessee Williams.
From 1969 to 1972, Frost kept his London shows and fronted ''The David Frost Show'' on the Group W (U.S. Westinghouse Corporation) television stations in the United States. In 1977, he met US President Richard Nixon in a series of interviews for American television.
That same year Frost was the executive producer of the Academy Award-nominated ''The Slipper and the Rose.'' Frost was an organiser of the Music for UNICEF Concert at the United Nations General Assembly in 1979. Ten years later, Frost was hired as the anchor of the new American tabloid news program ''Inside Edition.'' However, he was dismissed after only three weeks, and then-ABC News reporter Bill O'Reilly was recruited in his stead.
During the 1990s, he presented the panel game ''Through the Keyhole'', which featured a long running partnership with Loyd Grossman. After transferring from ITV, his Sunday morning interview programme ''Breakfast with Frost'' ran on the BBC from January 1993 until 29 May 2005. The programme originally began in this format on TV-am in September 1983 as ''Frost on Sunday'' until the station lost its franchise at the end of 1992. Later it transferred briefly to BSB before moving to the BBC.
As of November 2006, he works for Al Jazeera English, presenting a live weekly hour-long current affairs programme, ''Frost Over the World'', which started when the network launched in November 2006. The programme has regularly made headlines with interviewees such as Tony Blair, President Omar al-Bashir of Sudan, Benazir Bhutto and President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua. The programme is produced by the former Question Time editor and Independent on Sunday journalist Charlie Courtauld. He was one of the first to interview the man who authored the historic fatwa on terrorism, Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri.
During his career as a journalist he became Concorde's most frequent flier, having flown between London and New York an average of 20 times per year for 20 years.
In 2007 Frost hosted a discussion with Libya's dictator Gaddafi as part of the Monitor Group's involvement in the country.
On 20 and 21 July 1969, during the British television Apollo 11 coverage, he presented ''David Frost's Moon Party'' for LWT, a ten-hour discussion and entertainment marathon from LWT's Wembley Studios, on the night Neil Armstrong walked on the moon. Two of his guests on this programme were British historian A.J.P. Taylor and Sammy Davis, Jr. Taylor was skeptical about the proceedings and believed that the moon landing was actually a mock-up being broadcast from a Hollywood studio. Frost started a production company called David Paradine Productions and was also part of a consortium with Richard Branson, which failed to acquire three ITV franchises under the CPV-TV name.
Frost is the only person to have interviewed eight British prime ministers serving between 1964 and 2010 (Harold Wilson, Edward Heath, James Callaghan, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and David Cameron) and the seven US presidents in office between 1969 and 2008 (Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush). He was also the last person to interview Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.
He is a patron and former vice-president of the Motor Neurone Disease Association charity, as well as being a patron of the Alzheimer's Research Trust, the Hearing Trust, East Anglia's Children's Hospices, the Home Farm Trust and the Elton John AIDS Foundation.
After having been in television for 40 years, Frost is worth £200 million. This valuation includes the assets of his main British company and subsidiaries, plus homes in London and the country.
In February 2009, David Frost was featured on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's (ABC-TV) international affairs programme "Foreign Correspondent" in a report titled "The World According To Frost", reflecting on his long career and portrayal in the feature film ''Frost/Nixon''.
Category:Al Jazeera people Category:People educated at Gillingham Grammar School, Kent Category:Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Category:English Methodists Category:BBC newsreaders and journalists Category:British reporters and correspondents Category:British television producers Category:Emmy Award winners Category:English game show hosts Category:English satirists Category:English television personalities Category:Knights Bachelor Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire Category:People from Beccles Category:People from Tenterden Category:British broadcast news analysts Category:1939 births Category:Living people
cy:David Frost da:David Frost (tv-vært) de:David Frost (Fernsehmoderator) et:David Frost fr:David Frost it:David Frost la:David Frost nl:David Frost (journalist) no:David Frost pt:David Frost ru:Фрост, Дэвид fi:David Frost sv:David Frost zh:大卫·弗罗斯特This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
After leaving PayPal, McClure became a frequent investor in consumer Internet startup companies. He led the fbFund incubator on behalf of Facebook.
McClure gained attention both for his opinionated blog ''500 Hats'' (as of 2011 one of the ten most-read blogs on venture capital finance, and as one of the so-called "Super Angel" investors involved in the Angelgate controversy.
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